English Mood
谓语动词的三大本领
时间
、状态
、语气
语气
陈述语气(Indicative Mood)
- 描述现实:
- I ate the apple.
疑问语气
- 与陈述语气对应:
- Did I eat the apple?
祈使语气(Imperative Mood)
- 命令、请求:
- Eat that apple. (实际上是第二人称的陈述语气的省略版 -> You eat that apple.)
- Give me a five. -> You give me five.
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)
1. 表示对”不可能”的假设
与现在事实相反:
- Chinglish: If I am a bird, I will fly to somewhere I enjoy.
- English: If I were a bird, I would fly to somewhere I enjoy.(这里不论人称全都用were)
与将来事实相反(将来要发生的事件可能性极小):
NOTE: 这行不是虚拟语气:If I (shall) get 80 in English test next time, I will (can, may) be in the top 50 of my grade. (这句话合乎语法逻辑,但是表示未来发生可能性比较大,也被称之为条件语气)
If I should(万一:这个should仅仅是shall的过去式) get 80 in English next time, I would (could, might) be in the top 50 of my grade.(合乎语法逻辑,表示将来发生可能性不大)
与过去事实相反:
如果我当时英语考了80分,现在我已经是年级前50名了。
Chinglish: If I got 80 in English test a week ago, I am now in the top 50 of my grade.
- 解释:主从句全部都是陈述语气,全部在表示一个客观事实,但很明显我现在并不是年级前50.
English: If I have got 80 in English test a week ago, I have been now in the top 50 of my grade.
2. 愿望,请求,建议,命令
- 希望某个动作发生:
- Wish: 希望可能性小的事情发生
- 对现在的愿望:
- I wish that I were a bird.(无论是什么人称,在虚拟语气中全部使用were)
- 对过去的愿望:
- I wish that I had got 80 in English test.
- 对将来的愿望:
- I wish that I should (could, would) get 80 in English test.
- 对现在的愿望:
- Hope: 偏中性
- would rather: 宁愿
- I would rather that you didn’t get 46 in English test.(我宁愿你不会拿46分)
- I would rather that you hadn’t got 46 in English test.(我宁愿你没有拿46分)
- demand
- suggest
- insist
- order
- Wish: 希望可能性小的事情发生
总结
Reference
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Skm12wNLa8&list=PLiRHe7F8P0-0ykWSiVY9Ia431TB-HzQm0&index=3
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